Watching The Overton Window Move
Sometimes in politics it is hard to see the big picture, since we so often are consumed with small-picture details of the moment. So I'd like to take a step back today and admire how the Overton window among Democrats is rapidly shifting in a very positive and progressive direction. Because what was considered radical and even unthinkable not so long ago is now becoming so mainstream that Democratic politicians risk their own political survival if they don't support such ideas. These shifts in perception normally take place over a very long period of time, but that doesn't seem to be the case right now.
To define the term: the "Overton window" is an attempt to measure what is politically acceptable at any given time. From Wikipedia's definition of the term:
The Overton window is an approach to identifying which ideas define the domain of acceptability within a democracy's possible governmental policies. Proponents of policies outside the window seek to convince or persuade the public in order to move and/or expand the window. Proponents of current policies, or similar ones, within the window seek to convince people that policies outside it should be deemed unacceptable.
The spectrum the Overton window shifts and expands and contracts upon has been further defined as ranging through:
- Unthinkable
- Radical
- Acceptable
- Sensible
- Popular
- Policy
But this doesn't tell the full story. Some ideas can be in two places at once, depending on which lens you choose to look at them through. After all, any given policy idea can already be very popular among the general public, but still be considered either radical or unthinkable by the political class. Many times the public is far out in front of where the politicians are. But this is a minor quibble, since the overall Overton window really measures how the politicians view new ideas. Is "X" an idea which must be supported for you to have a chance of being re-elected, or is "X" an idea that is so looney that supporting it would guarantee you wouldn't be re-elected? That's the basic measure.
To give but one example, consider how the concept of supporting gay rights has shifted over the past three decades. Democrats initially opposed radically changing how society saw and treated gay people, because they feared it would be another issue that Republicans would beat them over the head with during elections. Indeed, that's exactly what happened, as "defense of marriage" became a rallying cry for conservatives. There were a few brave Democrats who got out in front of the issue and took what were considered very radical steps at the time (Gavin Newsom marrying gay couples in San Francisco), but for the most part Democrats were happy with vaguely supporting gay rights but stopping short of endorsing the concept of gay marriage. The second-class designation of "civil unions" was about as far as most mainstream Democrats were willing to go. Barack Obama got elected without supporting gay marriage, it's worth pointing out. It took the courts to force the issue, and even after gay marriage was legalized there were plenty of Democrats who still shied away from it. However, eventually the idea became so normalized that Democrats felt safe enough to support it wholeheartedly. But it took three decades for that shift to happen.
We're in the midst of another such shift, although we haven't quite reached the end of this particular road yet. This was the issue that spurred me to write today, because of a news story about how Andrew Cuomo (who just won re-election as New York's governor) is now fully supporting the legalization of recreational marijuana, after spending years personally fighting against such a move. Just last year, he was still calling it a "gateway drug," but now he's listed full legalization as a top legislative priority of his for 2019.
Marijuana legalization has been charting a parallel course to gay marriage over roughly the same time period, of course. In the 1990s, it moved from unthinkable to merely radical when states began legalizing medicinal use. Now over three-fifths of the states have done so, and ten have taken the full plunge and legalized adult recreational use as well. Slowly, Democratic politicians have gotten behind this effort, but the public is obviously way out in front of them, since most of these legalization efforts have taken place as ballot box referenda, where the voters decide directly without the politicians even having a say. But if even a drug warrior like Cuomo, in a state notorious for harsh anti-weed laws, can now get behind legalization, then the idea can be said to at least have reached the sensible and popular stages.
That time period is interesting because it shows almost a full pendulum swing within the Democratic Party. The 1990s was the era of Democratic centrism and the Democratic Leadership Council. The party swung far towards the corporate interests, and in doing so left their populist roots behind in many ways. This period lasted approximately as long as the Clintons held major influence over the party, but it has been swinging back quickly ever since.
Bernie Sanders ran a progressive and populist campaign for president in 2016. He fell short of the nomination, but he got one whale of a lot closer to it than any previous populist Democrat (Howard Dean, Jesse Jackson, etc.) had in many decades. His ideas were no more than a return to the Democratic Party's roots, but they were heavily criticized by the party's eventual nominee, Hillary Clinton, who billed herself as an incrementalist who could actually get a few small changes made rather than the radical pie-in-the-sky stuff that Bernie was promising.
In two short years, however, most of Bernie's "radical" ideas have now become mainstream Democratic Party platform planks. The only one that hasn't fully been accepted by Democratic politicians at large is "Medicare for all," but even that one's gaining ground.
The best example of how fast the Democratic Overton window is shifting came within the Cuomo article, in a response by Cynthia Nixon. Nixon was Cuomo's primary challenger, and the boldly progressive agenda she ran on is now largely (and reluctantly, one assumes) Cuomo's own priority list. Nixon just tweeted: "Sometimes people ask me: was it worth it? YES." while retweeting a very poignant list initially tweeted by Shane Goldmacher:
Some highlights of Cuomo 2019 agenda:
- Legalize marijuana
- End cash bail
- Election state holiday
- Auto voter reg
- End vacancy decontrol
- Ban corp $
- Ban bump stocks
- "Red flag" law
- A NY "Green New Deal"
- Revenue for MT
- Codify Roe in NY
- Prop tax cap perm
- Cut mid class taxes
This matches up pretty closely with what Nixon ran on. Cuomo either resisted or was reluctantly dragged into halfheartedly supporting most of these issues during the primary campaign. In other words, Cynthia Nixon singlehandedly shifted the Overton window for New York Democrats, even though (like Bernie) she eventually lost the nomination race. Or to put it another way, she may have lost but her ideas won.
A pendulum is a good metaphor for the way politics shift over time, because a pendulum's velocity is not constant. It even hangs motionless at the far end of its travel before very slowly starting an arc back in the other direction. But this accelerates until it is moving very quickly indeed. Eventually, it will travel so far in the other direction that it slows until it finally stops and reverses course for another periodic swing.
We have not come to the point where Democrats are ready to pull back. We are, in fact, in the accelerating phase of this swing. Cuomo's shift over the period of only one year shows this. And, as with all these pendulum swings, some are already screaming that Democrats "are going too far!" These people, for the most part, are ignorant of the history of the Democratic Party. Go back and read just about any speech from Franklin Delano Roosevelt on the economy and economic disparity if you don't believe this. Democrats used to fight against the depravations of Wall Street while fighting for the little guy, in just about everything they did. What we are witnessing now is a return to that stance, or at least as close as we can get in modern times.
The Overton window measures viability of a political idea through how the politicians see it. Because it is only when politicians fear for their own political survival that anything actually gets done in Washington, and any new idea reaches the final stage of becoming policy. Since Obamacare was passed, the Democratic Party spent quite a few elections being beaten over the head with it by their Republican counterparts. So they shied away from defending it on the campaign trail. That changed in a big way this year, as the voters saw Republicans trying to take Obamacare away and essentially replace it with nothing -- a return to the bad old days of going bankrupt when you got sick. Democrats finally championed the law, and it won them a whole bunch of House seats in the midterms. Donald Trump proved that populism (even his particularly nasty version) is a potent political stance these days, so Democrats running to defeat him in 2020 will be energized to once again center their campaigns around what the little guy and Main Street want and need to thrive, rather than what the stock market needs to thrive.
It's not just legal weed, in other words. The Democratic Party is in the midst of a swing of the pendulum that is fast moving the Overton window for what is considered acceptable and sensible in Democratic politics. Pioneers like Bernie Sanders and Cynthia Nixon are partly responsible for this shift, but most of the credit has to be given to the electorate itself. The Democratic base voters want more from their party, that much is obvious. They want boldness, not incrementalism. They want people and workers to be considered first, and Wall Street and corporate titans last.
Although stories like the one about Cuomo show how fast this transformation is taking place, I actually expect it to continue accelerating at least through the 2020 election cycle. There will be so many Democrats vying for the presidential nomination that they'll have a hard time making a name for themselves. So I expect even bolder ideas to begin surfacing in the nomination race, because it might be the only way a lesser-known candidate can even get any news coverage at all.
As for the naysayers who already warn Democrats are going too far too fast, well, that remains to be seen. But I would bet anything that it'll be a long while before Democrats actually do overreach, because so far pretty much everything on the progressive agenda is already very popular (some of them wildly popular) with the voting public. The way I see it, Democratic politicians are still just catching up to where their own voters are already leading. Which means it'll be a while yet before any Democratic politician really does overreach where the public is at on any of these issues. In other words, the Democratic Overton window is shifting fast, but it still hasn't caught up to where the people actually are, so it probably still has a ways to go before this shift even slows down. And from where I sit, that's a good thing.
-- Chris Weigant
Follow Chris on Twitter: @ChrisWeigant
how fast will the pendulum swing for pie?
[1] nypoet22
"how fast will the pendulum swing for pie?"
Pie doesn't swing on a pendulum. It rotates on a Lazy Susan instead. Unless of course you are engaging in pie throwing.
Trump and family are facing defenestration(s) through the Overton Window. As the old joke goes, better wear a light fall suit!
@john,
yes, i'm fully aware of the various pie delivery systems. however, my point relates to the overton window as CW so eloquently explained. pie is already popular, and has been for quite some time, so why not just take the next step and make it policy?
JL
Speaking of Overton Windows, eventually it will be accepted that Russian interference "won" DT the 2016 election.
‘Very strong’ case Russians swung the 2016 election for Donald Trump: ‘Cyberwar’ author Kathleen Hall Jamieson in interview with Raw Story
https://www.rawstory.com/2018/12/strong-case-russians-swung-2016-election-donald-trump-cyberwar-author-kathleen-hall-jamieson/
Her first instinct 2 yrs ago was that the idea was nonsense. Not anymore.
It's a fairly long piece - worth reading.
DH-4
You trot out that "80% of citizens that want the Big Money out of politics" statistic again, and I can find numerous polls that peg support at roughly that level.
However, if you ask voters to rank the most important political issues, Big Money politics is barely a blip.
https://news.gallup.com/poll/1675/most-important-problem.aspx
DH-4
More voter ranked issue data can be found at:
http://www.pollingreport.com/prioriti.htm
There may be broad support for campaign finance reform, but it is not deep support.
"if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail" _ variously attributed
Apple pie is a solid 6 in the US top ten most popular desserts
https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/food-facts/5-most-popular-desserts-in-america1.htm
nypoet22 after dark:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwix46-ozq7fAhXL8YMKHYP0DzcQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsimpsons.wikia.com%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ASimple_Simpson_(Promo_Picture).jpg&psig=AOvVaw0Efmf9AD6RaGQsUrGhnPtU&ust=1545402258120059
TS
9
You trot out that "80% of citizens that want the Big Money out of politics" statistic again, and I can find numerous polls that peg support at roughly that level.
However, remember to factor in the undeniable fact that Don's definition of "Big Money" is $201+, and his continued hijacking of that particular 80% statistic and continued insistence that it naturally equates to overwhelming agreement with his self-defined term of "Big Money" is ridiculous on its face.
TS
12
Oh, look! It's the underpants gnomes profit plan wherein "Phase 2" is thusly defined as "pie."
I'm could go "all in" with that. ;)
DH-
It's easy to cut through all your arm waving.
You are trying to turn a significant percentage of voters into single issue voters.
"Take big money and lose our votes" = single issue voting.
All issue ranking data I've found indicate only a small percentage of voters, less than 5%, rate big money politics as their most pressing issue. Most voters think many other issues are a higher priority, and they vote strategically based upon a market basket of issues they deem the most important. You aren't attracting converts because most voters don't share your single priority enough to lose on small money AND all their higher ranked issues. They don't like the spoiler payoff matrix you set up.
Don Harris
13
Not everyone looks at things to try and find (or make up) an excuse why it won't work so that they don't have to deal with actually thinking aboot it and to rationalize their own ideology.
You should divest yourself of the ridiculous nonsensical notion that commenters here are "making up excuses" as to why your failed attempt at political activism "won't work" and that it has anything whatsoever to do with the avoidance of "thinking" about your bullshit, particularly when your shit has been discussed by multiple commenters and the author on this board on multiple different occasions... ad nauseam.
Your continued fantastical belief that anyone here is afraid to think about your failed shit is arguably the most self-delusional tripe I have seen written on this board... bar nothing.
It would be nice if some of those people participated in the comments here.
You will have to be content with the fact that those people you believe are afraid of your repetitive shit exist solely and entirely in your own fantasy.
The bullshit is getting pretty old and extremely pitiful.
Yes, and you will find that the stench will linger unabated and follow you wherever you may roam... because it's all... your... bullshit. :)
"Take big money and lose our votes" = single issue voting.
no, that's single issue NON-voting.
single issue voting is to only choose candidates who favor pie. but to be fair, that's a very tasty issue. also, pie is by no means limited to just apple, so in aggregate i'm certain it would top fudge, or at least cookies.
JL
DH-19
So your organization is just a starting point - then maybe you should change its name (again) to ManyDemands....and argue endlessly about what those many demands should be.
But, you've supported MY point! Real world voters decide how to vote on the basis of a "market basket" of candidate positions and character traits, they aren't typically swayed by just one position in the basket.
Candidate A: Accepts legal contribution over $200 and Accepts Climate Change.
Candidate B: Only accepts contributions less than $200, Denies Climate Change.
There is no candidate C on the ballot.
Choice 1. don't vote.
Choice 2. write in a protest candidate with zero chance of winning.
Choice 3. vote for A.
Choice 4. vote for B.
I would opt for choice 3, I favor averting World Climate Catastrophe to deciding how much money is small, or just just punting the issues down the road. You might opt for choice 1,2 or 4. Choices 1 and 2 are basically equivalent to not choosing = let somebody else decide the issue.
Don Harris
19
Kick, Stig, Nypoet-
Great examples that prove my point.
I have repeatedly explained that it is NOT single issue voting. It is starting point just as not voting for someone that is a climate change denier, a MeeToo violator, a child molester or anything that someone finds makes the candidate unsuitable for office.
You might as well be repeatedly explaining how the sky is NOT blue and then list a bluebonnet, a bluebird, and a blueberry pie as examples of other NOT blue things. In fact, you can keep right on claiming that utter nonsensical bullshit until you are NOT blue in the face, and the only thing you're confirming is your abject ignorance.
Have you read your website, Don? If you have, do you need it explained to you that "only" means exclusively, solely, to the exclusion of everything else? Read it carefully, consult your dictionary. Take your time until you are able to fully comprehend the meaning of the quoted words. Do you still need clarification? Focus on your claim: One Demand will change the narrative to one where a candidate can’t win an election if they do take the large contributions.
Calling your political venture "One Demand" and explaining that your aim is to change the narrative to "my way or the highway" is the very definition of single-issue voting. No matter how many times you insist that it isn't.
As it is doubtful that any of you are really that stupid, the only logical conclusion is that you do it on purpose and with the full knowledge that you are full of shit.
There is no doubt whatsoever that you are really that stupid, but ignorance is bliss and doesn't know how stupid it really is. That's why it gleefully keeps spewing the same bullshit without the knowledge or ability to recognize how stupid it sounds. :)
Kick - as the familiar saying goes, "those who live in monkey houses should not throw feces aboot." Usually attributed to Thomas Crapper.
I'll catch hell for posting this. Insensitivity to Canadians, Scots, monkeys, plumbers and zoo keepers. : )
TS
22
Kick - as the familiar saying goes, "those who live in monkey houses should not throw feces aboot." Usually attributed to Thomas Crapper.
*laughs*
Ah, Thomas Crapper... now there was a guy who really knew his shit. While Crapper can't take credit for inventing the toilet -- the brainchild of "John," the godson of Queen Elizabeth I -- his contribution of the floating ballcock to the crapper was revolutionary indeed.
I'll catch hell for posting this. Insensitivity to Canadians, Scots, monkeys, plumbers and zoo keepers. : )
As well as insensitivity to feces; you mustn't forget feces. As we all strive to age gracefully, it does get more difficult to remember "shit" but ever so easier to take no "shit" from nobody.
Also, "screw" 'em if they can't take a joke! :)
DH-4
That is why in your scenario I would choose a write in vote to register a vote against the unsuitable candidates in this election cycle to create and demonstrate demand for a candidate that only accepts small contributions and accepts climate change for the next election cycle.
You seem to forget something. Your vote is secret. At best, all the public sees is how many votes each candidate got. Unless your write-in candidate is publicly associated with no other issue than Small Money Contributions (a single issue candidate), your protest is just as ambiguous as A and B are.
Unless your single issue write-in candidate has a significant impact on the election, the vast majority of the public will never even know how many votes your non-decisive protest candidate received.
Unless you engage in mass marketing to promote a Small Money Single Issue candidate (which costs time effort and money) your strategy is a hollow threat.
If you want to protest campaign contribution limits in a more effective manner, start a petition, write a letter to the editor, stand on the street corner with a sign, post something on You Tube, or any other means that publicly gives an explicit message that your chosen candidate and his or her MANY FOLLOWERS don't like big money contributions. At that point you have essentially into entered the muddy river of mainstream USA politics.
Don Harris
25
The commitment to vote only for small contribution candidates is just that- a commitment to vote only for small contribution candidates.
Yes. This is one-issue voting for candidates who only take contributions of $200 or less. There has never been a candidate for federal office that has met this qualification... not a single one.
The participants agree on this one issue.
Right... that's exactly why we keep referring to it as one-issue voting.
The candidates must meet this basic qualification.
Right... and there has never been a candidate that meets this one issue as defined on your website.
Each of the participants decide then decide for themselves if the candidates that meet the basic qualification have suitable positions on other issues that are important to them.
No, they don't then decide anything because no candidate at the federal level has ever met your one-issue qualification.
As JL perfectly described it: "that's single issue NON-voting."
DH-
What website? You can't mean the stub you have now? You advertise a product that doesn't seem to exist, not even as a working prototype. Are you collaborating with any political activists or are you just a one man band? Have you any endorsements from political organizations or activists? Do have any training or experience in building and maintaining secure data bases? Do you have training or experience in marketing? In business or finance? Game Theory? Why should anybody invest time, money or credibility in you or your idea???
Sorry "Don," but you seem a case of "no hat and no cattle." I smell grift or delusion, I'm not sure which, but either way, NO SALE.
DH-
So, I take your reply to mean that your answers to my questions, in the order asked, are:
no,1 man band
no
no
no
no
no
and for the final essay question:
some some form of arm waving or maybe dancing around.
NO PIE FOR YOU! COME BACK IN ONE YEAR!
DH-
You are not a garden variety internet troll. You are a comment section hagfish:
Hagfish are long and vermiform, and can exude copious quantities of a milky and fibrous slime or mucus from some 100 glands or invaginations running along their flanks. When captured and held, e.g., by the tail, they secrete the microfibrous slime, which expands into up to 20 litres (5¼ US gallons) of sticky, gelatinous material when combined with water. If they remain captured, they can tie themselves in an overhand knot, which works its way from the head to the tail of the animal, scraping off the slime as it goes and freeing them from their captor. This singular behavior may assist them in extricating themselves from the jaws of predatory fish or from the interior of their own "prey", and the "sliming" might act as a distraction to predators.
DH
30
From here on out, I'm going to exclusively refer to you as DH. Your initials suit you because you're a DH.
The idea is designed to solve that problem.
How exactly does pointing out the problem the idea is designed to solve make the idea invalid?
Never said it was "invalid," you uneducated shill. I said it was one-issue voting that amounted to non voting because no one meets the ridiculous criteria as defined by you.
And again it is one issue that participants agree on as a starting point and then candidates that meet that basic requirement must meet the individual participant's requirements on other issues.
Nice that you've decided to admit it is one/single-issue voting as we've reiterated over and over and you insisted it isn't when it obviously is.
You are labeling it one-issue voting as an attempt to portray it as if the participants vote only on that one issue to the exclusion of all other issues.
Wrong. It's single-issue voting -- actually non-voting -- because that's what it is. Your dearth of critical thinking skills is on full display when you continually and incessantly keep claiming to know what people are thinking. Also:
Do you really think you are fooling anyone but yourself or those that agree that the emperor's new clothes are beautiful or do you just like pretending to be stupid?
Said the admitted uneducated guy who incessantly claims to know what other board commenters are thinking. Your obsession with fairy tales and trolling "with distortions and childish bullshit instead of having adult discussions on political issues" is again duly noted.
TS is absolutely correct about you, DH: You're a slimy bottom feeder.
this flame war is boring and one-sided. i miss michale; he would understand the importance of voting based on pie.
JL
DH
35
One Demand is aboot where the Overton Window is trending towards and where it will and/or can be.
One Demand is the ginormous failure with which you obsessively and incessantly troll the author and his readers.
So who are the slimy trolls?
People exactly like you who keep trolling and begging and actually believing the ridiculous nonsensical asinine notion that it is someone/anyone else's "responsibility" to shill for their failed bullshit. :)
DH
38
Yes. It is my opinion that CW as a journalist that claims to present a reality based blog has responsibility to inform citizens aboot ideas.
This is not an issue that is subject to your interpretation or anyone else's, DH. It is a fact that there is no journalist on the planet who has a "responsibility" to inform citizens or anyone else about your "idea."
That it not at all a ridiculous nonsensical asinine notion.
Yes, it is most certainly asinine and nonsensical to keep claiming that a journalist has a responsibility to inform other people about your "idea" or anyone else's idea... unless it's pie, of course, because pie simply will not be ignored.
What is a ridiculous nonsensical asinine notion is that CW's current shilling for the Big Money Democrats is somehow presenting a reality based blog.
Since your first sentence made it abundantly clear that you have no idea what an opinion is, just letting you know that your sentence above actually fits the definition.
When I post my opinion that CW is not doing his job and meeting his claim of presenting a reality based blog it is not trolling- it is posting my opinion.
No, DH, it meets the definition of posting a lie since CW has no obligation to shill for your failed bullshit or anyone else's, and I suspect you know that but continue to repeat the lie that he owes you something. CW owes you nothing.
What you are doing is trolling because you are not posting an opinion related to the discussion- you are just recycling the same bullshit over and over, making stuff up and deflecting from the issue in discussion because you have no valid argument to refute my points.
Poor ignorant, DH, but when a bottom feeding troll keeps turning near every commentary into a discussion about his failed "idea" and whining incessantly and nonsensically that the author owes him a responsibility to discuss it, you and your trolling of the author with your needy bullshit thereby becomes part of the discussion... because you have once again made it a part of the discussion. It's not a complicated concept unless a person is an effing moron, which you have indubitably confessed to on your failed website. :)
Oops... I said effing. Now I've gone and done it twice; I hate when that happens. ;)
@kick,
No, DH, it meets the definition of posting a lie since CW has no obligation to shill for your failed bullshit or anyone else's, and I suspect you know that but continue to repeat the lie that he owes you something. CW owes you nothing.
i agree with don on this one - it's not a lie, it's an opinion. it may be a delusional opinion, but it's not a lie.
Oops... I said effing. Now I've gone and done it twice; I hate when that happens. ;)
"well there it is, your sister used the "F" word.
~i think she said 'feck'
what's the difference?
~the letter U"
__almost famous
JL
40
i agree with don on this one - it's not a lie, it's an opinion. it may be a delusional opinion, but it's not a lie.
We've discussed this and tossed it around repeatedly now where DH claims that journalists who enjoy freedom of speech under the Constitution have a "responsibility" to speak "aboot" ideas like "One Demand," and this asinine notion is as factually inaccurate today as it has been every other time DH has claimed it, and he knows this. DH's continued claim, "opinion"... whatever... that "CW as a journalist... has a responsibility to inform citizens" when that "opinion" is at odds with the Constitution of the United States of America qualifies as the continual repetition and spewing of inaccurate information or a lie... choose your semantics.
While we can certainly get into the arguing of semantics regarding "legal responsibility" or any other verbiage, the fact is that the First Amendment right to "freedom of speech" has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to include the right not to speak, the right not to salute the flag, etc. Claiming over and over that a journalist has a responsibility to inform the citizenry regarding his bullshit or anything else is "factually untrue," "inaccurate," take your semantical pick... because there is no journalist or teacher or politician or choose a profession and insert it here ---> ________ who has a "responsibility" to inform the citizenry "aboot" One Demand... and you know it, I know it, everyone reading this knows it, and even DH knows it.
False assertions that are nothing more than the continual repeating of rhetoric can rise to the level of lies. This particular incorrect BS repeated in Trumpian fashion by DH qualifies thusly... I believe they are referring to such rhetorical BS as a "Bottomless Pinocchio" these days. False claims that are repeated so many times that they are, in effect, campaigns of disinformation.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/10/meet-bottomless-pinocchio-new-rating-false-claim-repeated-over-over-again/?utm_term=.377a0624ecfe
"well there it is, your sister used the "F" word.
~i think she said 'feck'
what's the difference?
~the letter U"
__almost famous
Heh!
~ love actually